Supplementary material for:
Comment by user "filtherton", from here:
"Okay, so assuming the person is in the middle of nowhere, naked, and that 3K is the blackbody temperature of the surrounding universe, with some simplifications one could apply the following equation:
Q = S*A*E_s(T_b^4 - T_s^4)
Where
S is the Stephan Boltzmann constant, 5.67x10^-8 W/m^2-K^4
A is the surface area of the person's naked body, 1.8m^2, roughly
E_s is the emmisivity of human skin, 0.97
T_b is the temperature of the body in K, here ~310K (I have assumed that the body temp is uniform)
T_s is the temperature of space in K, 3K
Q is about 900 Watts. The typical metabolic heat generation for a sleeping person with 1.8m^s worth of skin is 40W/m^2 is 108 W. This means that your net heat loss would be ~800 W.
Assuming the the specific heat of the human body is approximately the same as the specific heat of water, (C_p = 4187 J/kg-K), a 200 lb person (mass = 90 kg), and that we're only concerned with temperatures above 0 C, you could figure out how fast your temperature would be dropping using the following equation:
dT/dt = Q/(mass*C_p)
dT/dt is about 2 thousandths of a degree Celcius per second. So if your body was uniformly 310K, initially you'd be losing a degree every 8 minutes. It would take about 40 minutes of naked stillness to reach stage 3 hypothermia.
There are probably errors in this analysis. And even if error free, it is pretty approximate. If you were behind the earth you'd be getting some heat from the earth, so you'd take a little longer to freeze to death."
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Assumed resting body heat is 108W. With rigorous exercise this can go up to 1000 W. Mass = 150kg, area of astronaut = 3m2, heat capacity = 4187, emissivity = 0.9, start temp = 37C, temp of space = 3K, Stefan-Boltzmann = 5.67x10^-8, watts output = 1414, watts input (body heat) = 108. Assumes perfect conduction of internal heat to outside of suit.
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Assuming half the watts from the plate is received by the shaded plate, using 0.5^(1/4) = 84%. If the plate absorbs EMR and re-emits it on both sides of the plate equally, the shaded plate gets roughly half the energy emitted by the sunlit plate.
Using S-Boltzmann T^4, take 4th root of a ratio of 1/2 and you end up with 84%. 84% of the sunlit's plate's temperature to equals half the watts output.
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Index for Fallacy series:
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Index for space reentry vehicles:
- ablation and the detached shock wave
space reentry vehicles part 2.
- ICBMs and the cold war
- more on ablation
space reentry vehicles part 5.
- more on the detached shock wave
space reentry vehicles part 6.
- control
space reentry vehicles part 7.
- pressure
Harries et al 2001
Increases in greenhouse forcing
inferred from the outgoing longwave
radiation spectra of the Earth in
1970 and 1997
link mirror
Harries Brindley 2003
Observations of the Infrared Outgoing Spectrum of the Earth from Space:
The Effects of Temporal and Spatial Sampling
link mirror
Griggs, J. A., & Harries, J. E. (2004)
Comparison of spectrally resolved
outgoing longwave data between 1970 and present.
link mirror
Griggs, J. A., & Harries, J. E. (2005)
Comparison of spectrally resolved outgoing longwave
radiation between 1970 and 2003: The ν4 band of methane
link mirror
Griggs, Harries 2007
Comparison of Spectrally Resolved Outgoing Longwave Radiation over the Tropical
Pacific between 1970 and 2003 Using IRIS, IMG, and AIRS
link mirror
Chen, Harries et al 2007
Spectral signatures of climate change in the Earth’s infrared
spectrum between 1970 and 2006
link mirror
Harries et al 2001 corrected graphs:
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